by Dr Elena Sukhacheva Early diagnosis and fast treatment of sepsis is crucial for obtaining the best outcome possible for the patient. However, diagnosis is not easy clinically and the complexity of the condition means that there is not an obvious individual biomarker for it. However, research in recent years has shown that monocyte distribution width is an easily measured parameter that is able to discriminate sepsis from non-sepsis, particularly when combined with the patient’s white blood count.
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ELITechGroup Biomedical Systems is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year. CLI caught up with Bryce McEuen (Managing Director and Business Unit Manager, Biomedical Systems) to discover more about the company’s story over the last 50 years.
Congratulations on the 50th anniversary of ELITechGroup Biomedical Systems. What happened in 1970 to bring the business into existence?
The founder, Wayne Barlow, of Wescor, Inc. at the time was working for a number of universities in Utah, USA, and he and a number of his colleagues were bidding on government contract work to highly complex problems in the aerospace and agricultural industries. They were solution providers with a really strong engineering and R&D capability and various opportunities came along for them to innovate and develop products that offered really excellent solutions. So they were primarily doing individual jobs that were unique and complicated and they were very successful but they didn’t have a re-occurring kind of business model. However, one of the products that they had developed, actually an agricultural product (the HR-33T and the C-52 sample chamber), was being used by a researcher in a hospital in a medical application and he provided feedback about how the company could refine its design to include some additional functions and features that made it very suitable for diagnosing various ailments from liquid samples. That was about 1972, and enabled a significant strategic shift in focus and launched the company into one that designed and manufactured diagnostic products for continuous supply into the in vitro diagnostics (IVD) market segment and we’ve been in that market segment ever since.
What does the company specialize in now?
We focus on providing products that offer solutions in the marketplace, whether that’s a new diagnostic methodology, developing a lower cost solution or whether that’s a workflow solution, that enables the technicians in a laboratory to perform their work more easily and to provide a result.
What have been the cornerstones of the group’s success?
At the very beginning, the aim of the founder was to develop solutions in the form of products – software and hardware – that offered unique solutions to very complicated problems. From the beginning the company developed a culture of solving problems with products of really excellent quality and that’s been a hallmark of the company ever since – we develop and offer to our customers around the world high-quality products.
One of the second hallmarks of our business is that we really pride ourselves on excellent customer support. We really want to ensure that our customers are happy with the products they receive, that the products meet their needs and they know that we are always here to support them with any questions they have. This support is given in a number of ways.
First, we really strive to provide outstanding applications support where we provide direct training, as well as support over the phone and via email, to users who have our and use our products, and are really trying to understand how they can apply the product in their workflow to improve their work.
Second, we provide outstanding service support, if there is an occasion where an instrument does require service or maintenance.
Third, we provide outstanding supply chain support, our lead-time performance and delivery performance to our users is world class.
Bryce, when did you arrive in the company, what was your pathway to becoming the current managing director of the Biomedical Systems Unit, and what does your previous experience mean you can bring to the business?
My background is in mechanical engineering. I started with the company as an engineer, and worked to help the company during the early days to identify ways to streamline product design, to improve the design for manufacturability, to improve all manufacturing processes. We really worked to strengthen our quality management systems, all things to improve the quality of the products and the services that we delivered. During the course of time, the original company was acquired by the ELITechGroup, we became integrated within the ELITechGroup there were opportunities to participate in a number of due-diligence activities and, when we acquired a few other companies, I had the opportunity to work on operational integration activities. Then I began to work more directly with selling teams to identify ways to improve sales outcomes. As the company has evolved and changed, and individuals have retired, I found myself in a unique position, where I understood well all facets of the business: from engineering to operations, manufacturing, to quality, regulatory affairs, marketing and sales, and really I’m well equipped today to speak with and meet all of those functions within the business unit to achieve future successes and to drive the growth of the business unit within the ELITechGroup.
What are some of the current challenges that the business is facing and what do you envisage for its future?
That’s a great question. We’ve deployed a pretty rigorous strategic planning process that we use to constantly evaluate the entire business, and as part of that we do an in-depth environmental scan to better understand those external factors that impact our business, and I’ll highlight just a few.
First, the technological changes that are taking place today especially in diagnostics are huge, with the integration of electronic medical records, and this extends all the way into the lab with full traceability. We are moving away from manual, time-consuming, tedious diagnostic processes to workflows that are highly automated and efficient and effective. So on a technological front we see huge advancements that are taking place across the industry that are evolving at a pretty rapid pace.
Second, the demographics and needs of the patient population and the workforce are changing. The older generations were not accustomed to dealing with digital workflows and the younger generation has grown up with mobile phones, for example, in their hands and are accustomed to state-of-the-art technologies and this again is driving the move towards digital, highly automated workflows in labs.
Third, is to identify where we can differentiate our company, our products and our services in a highly complex market; continue to maintain and comply with a rapidly changing regulatory environment and to deliver products at an affordable price that enable healthcare providers to provide reliable diagnosis and corresponding treatment to their patients who are ill.
For the future, we continue to see a number of things changing rapidly, and our ability to respond to those changes and to continue to innovate and provide labs with superior products and solutions that comply and deliver excellent results remains one of the biggest goals. In the diagnostics industry today, there is tremendous opportunity to continue to innovate and look for ways to make life in the lab easier, while still providing reliable diagnostic outcomes.
In terms of IVD, what are the products that you feel have particular impact?
There are a number of products within our product portfolio that I absolutely love, some due to their straight simplicity and others due to their overall outstanding impact on the market. This is really one of the things that motivates me as an individual and I would say drives the work that I do. I’ll illustrate two.
The first product is one that really has a meaningful impact. We manufacture a number of devices that are used to diagnose cystic fibrosis (CF), primarily in infants. CF is a genetic disease, there is no known cure, and the mean life of a patient with CF is approximately 40 years. It is a horrible condition that requires constant care and treatment and is really difficult to manage. We have nearly 40 years of experience in the field of CF diagnostics and the products that are provided by the ELITechGroup today really enable doctors to accurately diagnose CF and then provide care and treatment. Without care and treatment the mean expected life of a patient with CF might be 8–10 years and I’ve met with clinicians and physicians around the world who are using our products and they see a very meaningful impact on the lives of people who are being diagnosed with this terrible disease, allowing them to obtain appropriate treatment and have an extended and improved quality of life. It is really important for me, because we’re providing something that works really well and that can help people.
One of the other products that we manufacture, the Aerospray® product portfolio, are again fairly simple but definitely core products. This family of instruments stain a variety of different sample types on microscope slides. Sample types include blood smears, fine needle aspirates, swabs, buccal smears, urines, etc, for extremely detailed diagnostic work. A sample is taken from the patient and stained and the product portfolio is used in all the core segments of the IVD space – hematology, microbiology, infectious disease, cytology – and allows the identification of cancers, bacterial infections, different infectious diseases and all kinds of cellular abnormalities, which helps to determine the best treatment for the patient.
Those products are workhorse products. They work really well, they process millions of samples per year and are widely used around the world today. For me, I would say the Aerospray® portfolio and the CF sweat testing systems portfolio carry a special place, because of their use and the impact they have on treating patients.
Congratulations again and thank you for your time
Thank you. It has been wonderful to work with the ELITechGroup over the years. We really pride ourselves on creating excellent products that really provide meaningful diagnostic outcomes for our customers and we look to provide the very best support possible in all of the settings. These are the things that drives us today. The interviewee Bryce McEuen, BSc Mech Eng, MBA Managing Director and Business Unit Manager, Biomedical Systems ELITechGroup, Logan UT, USA
For more information about ELITechGroup visit www.elitechgroup.com
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Thermo Fisher Scientific has established new collaborations of the Thermo Fisher Precision Medicine Science Center (PMSC) with AstraZeneca and the University of Nebraska Medical Center as part of its ongoing development of innovative solutions for unmet needs in clinical biomarker discovery. The new alliances strengthen the PMSC’s mission of creating standardized workflows with pharma and academic partners to streamline the transition from biomarker research to clinical implementation, creating new opportunities for precision medicine.
Ongoing and planned studies with both AstraZeneca and the University of Nebraska Medical Center will utilize standardized plasma protein profiling workflows, including Thermo Fisher’s newly developed ultra-high throughput plasma protein profiling (uHTPPP) workflow, for biomarker discovery, for a range of conditions. The standardized workflows consist of automated sample preparation for untargeted and targeted methods in combination with the Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Exploris 480 and Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Exploris 240 mass spectrometers.
“Precision medicine is becoming a greater area of interest across a range of different diseases and has, therefore, faced challenges effectively scaling to meet clinical needs,” said Emily Chen, senior director, PMSC. “The goal of the Precision Medicine Science Center is to construct end-to-end workflow solutions that generate impactful data from discovery studies with large human cohorts and to harness the power of molecular profiling to improve the outcomes of patient care. Our ongoing work with AstraZeneca and the University of Nebraska Medical Center are paramount to realizing the potential of these technologies.”
Ventzi Hristova, senior scientist, dynamic omics, antibody discovery and protein engineering, R&D at AstraZeneca, said: “Powered by technological innovation, omics is proving to be one of the richest sources of data in all of science. Clinical proteomics is an emerging field aimed at improving patient care through the development of sensitive, high-throughput methods for in-depth proteomic characterization of clinical samples. This collaboration aims to evaluate and establish a model for clinical proteomics, using advanced sample processing and downstream analytical applications, that has the potential to help us identify new drug targets and biomarkers.”
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Roche has acquired Enterprise Therapeutics novel TMEM16A potentiator portfolio, which will be developed by Genentech, a member of the Roche Group. The portfolio includes ETD002 which recently entered Phase 1 trials.
Enterprise’s shareholders received an upfront payment of £75 million and are eligible to receive additional contingent payments, to be made based on the achievement of certain predetermined milestones.
The TMEM16A portfolio is focused toward treating all people with cystic fibrosis, with potential to benefit people with other severe respiratory diseases characterised by excessive mucus congestion.
Dr John Ford, CEO, Enterprise Therapeutics, said: “Roche and Genentech have a proven track record of bringing new medicines to people with respiratory diseases, and have recognised the opportunity that our TMEM16A potentiator portfolio presents. I am very proud of the team at Enterprise for identifying and developing this innovative approach to treat patients, with ETD002 the first of our compounds to reach clinical stage. TMEM16A potentiation has the potential to significantly increase the quality of life for people living with cystic fibrosis, for many of whom existing therapies are not effective.”
Dr James Sabry, MD, PhD, Global Head of Pharma Partnering, Roche, commented: “We are excited to add Enterprise’s TMEM16A potentiator program to our existing respiratory portfolio. We have deep capabilities in this area and look forward to a robust program focused on helping cystic fibrosis patients and patients suffering from other muco-obstructive disorders as quickly as possible.”
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A recent analysis of clinical trial results performed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) demonstrate that a chromosomal abnormality—specifically, the absence (co-deletion) of chromosomes 1p and 19q—have definitive prognostic and predictive value for managing the treatment of adult patients with pure and mixed anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. The presence of the chromosomal abnormality was associated with a substantially better prognosis and near-doubling of median survival time when treatment with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy was compared to treatment with radiation therapy alone.
Oligodendrogliomas are uncommon tumours that represent approximately 4.0% of all brain tumours. Mixed oliogdendrogliomas (those also containing astrocytic elements) account for 1.0% of all brain tumours. Pure and mixed oligodendrogliomas that contain anaplastic (malignant) cells typically grow more rapidly than non-anaplastic tumours.
The RTOG 9402 trial A Phase III Intergroup Randomized Comparison of Radiation Alone vs. Pre-Radiation Chemotherapy for Pure and Mixed Anaplastic Oligodendrogliomas was conducted with four other National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported co-operative groups. Trial participants had a pathologically confirmed pure or mixed anaplastic oligodendroglioma and were randomly assigned into one of two treatment arms. The 148 participants randomised to Arm 1 were treated with PCV (procarbazine, CCNU [lomustine] and vincristine) chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT), and the 143 participants randomised to Arm 2 were treated with RT alone.
RTOG 9402 study results showed no survival benefit for patients treated with early PVC chemotherapy plus RT over RT alone. Although a significant impact on median progression-free survival time was realised (2.6 years versus 1.7 years for RT alone), the regimen was associated with significantly more adverse side effects. The study authors also reported that study participants in both arms whose tumour lacked chromosomes 1p and 19q had longer median survival times as compared with participants without these deletions (> 7 vs. 2.8 years, respectively). This led the study authors to conclude that ‘tumours with 1p and 19q co-deletion are less aggressive or more responsive to PCV chemotherapy or both.’
A recent analysis undertaken of the RTOG 9402 data (at a median study participant follow-up time of 11 years) is planned for submission to the 2012 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. However, due to the finding’s significance for patient care, results are reported here in advance of submission.
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
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Hereditary hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder in humans. A German research team led by Ingo Kurth from the Institute of Human Genetics at the University Hospital Jena, Germany, used a number of different methods, including Roche’s NimbleGen Custom Sequence Capture 385K array to identify the gene mutated in the disease locus of the X-chromosome of a Spanish family with hereditary hearing loss [1].
Targeted enrichment was performed by the German Service Provider ATLAS Biolabs GmbH. In particular, the DNA of two affected males was subjected to target enrichment. Subsequent sequencing analysis at the Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) resulted in the identification of a total of 3858 and 3443 X-chromosomal variants for each of these two individuals. Furthermore, a nonsense mutation in the small muscle protein, X-linked (SMPX) of the affected individuals had been detected. Nonsense mutations are significant, because they are point mutations in a sequence of DNA that cause a premature stop codon, or a nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA, resulting in a truncated, incomplete, and usually nonfunctional protein. Based on their findings, the authors propose that long-term maintenance of mechanically stressed inner ear cells critically depends on SMPX function.
The NimbleGen Sequence Capture technology is a sophisticated process for the parallel enrichment of selected genomic regions from complex human genomic DNA. Sequence Capture allows enrichment of target regions in a single experiment, replacing the need to perform numerous PCR reactions. The efficiencies of parallel enrichment are an ideal complement for cost-effective, high throughput next-generation sequencing.
[1] Huebner et al. AmericanJournal of Human Genetics, Vol. 88: 621-627, May 13, 2011.
www.roche.com
For life science research only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. NIMBLEGEN and SEQCAP are trademarks of Roche. Other brands or product names are trademarks of their respective holders.
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Scientists based at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute have discovered how receptors for the female sex hormone oestrogen attach to a different part of the DNA in breast cancer patients who are more likely to relapse, according to a study.
Crucially, they also found that within these more aggressive breast cancers, the oestrogen receptor (ER) was being ‘redirected’ to a different part of the genome by a protein called FOXA1. So drugs that specifically block FOXA1 could help treat patients who do not respond to conventional hormone treatments, such as tamoxifen.
The researchers used state of the art technology, called ChIP sequencing, to analyse ER-genome interactions in frozen breast tumour samples and create a map of all of the sites in the human genome where ER attaches itself to the DNA and switches on particular genes.
This map was used to compare where in the genome ER attached in tumours from people that responded well to treatment, versus those that went on to relapse or were resistant to treatment from the start.
This revealed almost 500 contact points that were common across all the samples analysed, but also a distinct set of contact points specific to patients with different clinical outcomes – of which 599 were associated with good response to treatment and 1,192 with poor response.
Studying patterns of gene activity in these two areas of the genome allowed the researchers to identify a subset of genes that are more active in tumours that return and spread.
Carlos Caldas, Professor of Cancer Medicine at the Department of Oncology at the University of Cambridge and the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute said: ‘Some breast cancers are treated with hormone treatments, such as tamoxifen, which work by blocking oestrogen receptors. But we know that about a third of patients either fail to respond to this type of treatment or go on to relapse at a later date.
‘Understanding the genetic differences that determine who will or won’t respond to a given treatment is a vital step in being able to choose the right drugs for individual patients. The next step will be to see if these findings can be repeated in larger groups of patients.’
Cancer Research UK’s Dr Jason Carroll, who jointly led the study with Professor Caldas, said: ‘These findings suggest that ER binds to different regions of the genome DNA in breast cancer patients that respond to treatment, compared to those that relapse and whose cancer spreads.
‘We know from previous studies involving breast cancer cells growing in the lab that a protein called FOXA1 is needed for oestrogen receptors to interact with the DNA and switch on genes that fuel cancer growth. But this is the first time we’ve examined frozen tumour samples and shown that FOXA1 redirects ER to different locations within the DNA in patients with different outcomes. This switches on different sets of genes, which in turn affect the outcome of the patient. We now hope to develop ways of blocking FOXA1 to help treat patients who no longer respond to standard treatments.’
University of Cambridge
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New research indicates that targeted drugs such as gefitinib might more effectively treat non-small cell lung cancer if they could be combined with agents that block certain microRNAs.
The study was led by investigators with the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC – James). It shows that overexpression of two genes, called MET and EGFR, causes the deregulation of six microRNAs, and that this deregulation leads to gefitinib resistance.
The findings support the development of agents that restore the levels of these microRNAs. It also offers a new strategy for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is responsible for about 85 percent of the 221,000 lung-cancer cases and 157,000 deaths that occur annually in the United States.
Finally, it suggests that measuring the expression levels of certain microRNAs – those controlled by the MET gene – might predict which lung-cancer cases are likely to be resistant to gefitinib.
EGFR (which stands for ‘epidermal growth factor receptor’) is frequently over-expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and this leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Gefitinib selectively inhibits EGFR activation and triggers cancer cells to self-destruct by apoptosis. NSCLC cells inevitably develop resistance to the drug, however. This study reveals how this resistance occurs.
‘Our findings suggest that gefitinib resistance that is caused by MET overexpression is at least partly due to miRNA deregulation,’ says principal investigator Dr. Carlo M. Croce, director of Ohio State’s Human Cancer Genetics program and a member of the OSUCCC – James Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics program.
First author Michela Garofalo notes that stratifying NSCLC patients based on MET expression or the expression of miRNAs regulated by MET might allow for individualisation of treatment.
‘Such a strategy could improve treatment efficacy and patient quality of life by sparing patients from the side effects of treatments that are likely to fail,’ says Garofalo, who is a research scientist in Croce’s laboratory at the OSUCCC – James.
For this study, Croce, Garofalo and their colleagues used lung cancer cell lines, animal models and analysis of human NSCLC tissue. Key technical findings include the following:
•Both EGFR and MET control miR-30b, miR30c, miR-221, and miR-222. These miRNAs are oncogenic; they inhibit pro-apoptotic genes.
•Overexpression of the four oncogenic miRNAs rendered gefitinib-sensitive cells resistant to treatment; inhibiting the four enhanced gefitinib sensitivity and blocked NSCLC tumor growth in an animal model.
•MET alone controls levels of miR-103 and miR-203, which have a tumor-suppressor function. Forcing their expression enhanced gefitinib sensitivity and blocked NSCLC tumor growth in an animal model.
Funding from the National Cancer Institute and a Kimmel Scholar Award supported this research.
Ohio State University
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As well as announcing the launch of a new global diagnostics business unit at Medica last month, Avantor Performance Materials also announced the creation of a new diagnostics product brand: BeneSpheradiagnostics solutions, which will include a broad and expanding range of reliable, affordable diagnostic technologies and easy-to-use products, focused on three segments: in vitro reagents and instruments for clinical chemistry, immunology, haematology, microbiology, histology and cytology and genetic testing; instruments for in vivo diagnostics, currently sold under the Diagnova name in India; and consumables and instruments for life sciences research in academia, government and pharmaceutical labs, also currently sold under the Diagnova name in India.
At the moment Avantor’s performance diagnostics solutions include J.T.Baker clinical reagents, which have provided world-class solutions for haematology and histology applications for over 30 years, and BeneSphera diagnostics solutions built on Diagnova, the company’s Indian-based diagnostics business with a 25-year legacy offering products, engineering and application support for immunology, clinical chemistry, haematology, microbiology, endoscopy and life science needs.
Avantor’s plans are to grow the new global diagnostics business through organic development and the strategic acquisition of R&D-backed manufacturing and distribution companies in targeted locations to support a strong global brand and supply chain.
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Researchers have identified a genetic signature for a severe, often painful food allergy – eosinophilic esophagitis – that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for children unable to eat a wide variety of foods.
The scientists, from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center that they have pinpointed a dysregulated microRNA signature for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a disease that also may cause weight loss, vomiting, heartburn and swallowing difficulties.
Interestingly, the dysregulated microRNA was reversible with steroid treatment, according to the study’s senior investigator, Marc E. Rothenberg, MD, PhD, director of Allergy and Immunology and the Center for Eosinophilic Disorders at Cincinnati Children’s. MicroRNAs are short segments of RNA that can regulate whether genetic messengers (mRNAs) are degraded or translated into protein.
‘The identification of biomarkers specific to EoE is a significant advancement for both the diagnosis and treatment of the disease,’ explains Rothenberg. ‘The microRNA signature provides an opportunity for more precise analysis of oesophageal biopsies.’
Rothenberg said children with EoE now undergo anaesthesia and invasive endoscopy to diagnose and monitor the allergy. The ability to determine the presence and status of EoE with a non-invasive method, such as blood test that measures microRNAs, would have a positive impact on individuals and families.
In the current study, investigators analyzed esophageal microRNA expression of patients with active EoE, steroid-induced EoE remission, patients with chronic (non-eosinophilic) esophagitis and of healthy individuals. Additionally, they assessed plasma microRNA expression of patients with active EoE, remission of EoE remission and of healthy individuals.
The researchers found that EoE was associated with 32 differentially regulated microRNAs and distinguishable from the non-eosinophilic forms of esophagitis (such as reflux disease). Esophageal eosinophil levels correlated significantly with expression of the most increased microRNAs, miR-21 and miR-223, and most decreased, miR-375. MiR-223 was also one of the most increased microRNAs in the plasma, along with miR-146a and miR-146b.
Notably, the expression of microRNAs dysregulated in patients with active EoE was normalised in patients with EoE who responded to steroid treatment. This suggests a significantly specific microRNA signature for disease activity points to its promise for use as a biomarker for EoE.
EurekAlert
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