Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in the United States. It is not clear why some prostate cancers are so ‘aggressive’ and eventually become deadly, while others remain inactive or ‘indolent’for many years. Scientists have been trying to find markers that can distinguish aggressive from indolent forms of prostate cancer. Although […]
Cancer is typically thought to develop after genes gradually mutate over time, finally overwhelming the ability of a cell to control growth. But a new closer look at genomes in prostate cancer by an international team of researchers reveals that, in fact, genetic mutations occur in abrupt, periodic bursts, causing complex, large scale reshuffling of […]
A type of low-grade but sometimes lethal brain tumour in children has been found in many cases to contain an unusual mutation that may help to classify, diagnose and guide the treatment of the tumours, report scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The researchers led a study of pediatric low-grade gliomas, samples of which were collected […]
One of 100,000 children is born with Menkes disease, a genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to properly absorb copper from food and leads to neurodegeneration, seizures, impaired movement, stunted growth and, often, death before age 3. Now, a team of biochemistry researchers at the University of Missouri has published conclusive scientific evidence that […]
A protein produced by mast cells in the immune system may predict which people infected with dengue virus will develop life-threatening complications, according to researchers at Duke Medicine and Duke-National University of Singapore (Duke-NUS). Their study also found that in experiments in mice, a class of drugs commonly used to treat asthma by targeting the […]
A Johns Hopkins Children’s Center study in mice may help explain why women are more prone than men to a form of liver damage by implicating the female sex hormone oestrogen in the development of autoimmune hepatitis. A life-threatening condition that often requires transplantation and accounts for half of all acute liver failures, autoimmune hepatitis […]
An excess of the brain neurotransmitter glutamate may cause a transition to psychosis in people who are at risk for schizophrenia, reports a study from investigators at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC). The findings suggest 1) a potential diagnostic tool for identifying those at risk for schizophrenia and 2) a possible glutamate-limiting treatment strategy to […]
Researchers have uncovered mutations in the phosphatase Wip1 that enable cancer cells to foil the tumour suppressor p53. The results could provide a new target for the treatment of certain cancers. Like a battlefield surgeon who has to decide which casualties can be saved, p53 performs triage on cells with injured DNA. If the damage […]
An ingredient that naturally occurs in breast milk might be used to prevent premature babies from developing a deadly intestinal condition that currently is largely incurable, according to researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC. The story begins with a baby who is born too early, […]
A handheld diagnostic device that Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) investigators first developed to diagnose cancer has been adapted to rapidly diagnose tuberculosis (TB) and other important infectious bacteria. Two papers describe portable devices that combine microfluidic technology with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to not only diagnose these important infections but also determine the presence of […]
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