Age-related loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) from blood cells, a frequent occurrence among elderly men, is associated with elevated risk of various cancers and earlier death. This finding could help explain why men tend to have a shorter life span and higher rates of sex-unspecific cancers than women, who do not have a Y […]
A better survival outcome is associated with low blood levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen, or absence of tumour invasion either into the space between the lungs and chest wall or into blood vessels of individuals with a peripheral squamous cell carcinoma, a type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer is the most […]
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans, involving a third copy of all or part of chromosome 21. In addition to intellectual disability, individuals with Down syndrome have a high risk of congenital heart defects. However, not all people with Down syndrome have them – about half have structurally normal hearts. Geneticists […]
A Dartmouth study suggests that it may be possible to use Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Tomographic imaging (DOST) to predict which patients will best respond to chemotherapy used to shrink breast cancer tumours before surgery. These findings could eliminate delays in effective early treatment for tumours unlikely to respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Breast cancer is […]
A comprehensive analysis of the genomes of nearly 500 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) – the most common form of thyroid cancer – has provided new insights into the roles of frequently mutated cancer genes and other genomic alterations that drive disease development. The findings also may help improve diagnosis and treatment. Investigators with The Cancer […]
A team of researchers led by a Wayne State University School of Medicine associate professor of obstetrics and gynaecology has published findings that provide novel insight into the cause of preeclampsia, the leading cause of maternal and infant death worldwide, a discovery that could lead to the development of new therapeutic treatments. “Preeclampsia is a […]
Scientists have identified a genetic mutation in about 20 percent of colorectal and endometrial cancers that had been overlooked in recent large, comprehensive gene searches. With this discovery, the altered gene, called RNF43, now ranks as one of the most common mutations in the two cancer types. The investigators from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the […]
Scientists from UCL and Queen Mary University of London have identified what they believe could be a cause of pre-term premature rupture of the foetal membrane (PPROM) which accounts for 40 per cent of pre-term births, the main reason for infant death world-wide. The researchers used bioengineering techniques to test the effect of repetitive stretch […]
Ways to simplify treatments for tuberculosis (TB) to reduce drug resistance and make it easier for patients to complete their course of treatment have been trialled by two international groups involving UCL scientists. The results from both trials found that novel drug combinations including the antibiotic moxifloxacin in TB treatment plans can approximately halve the […]
The scientific community has made significant strides in recent years in identifying important genetic contributors to malignancy and developing therapeutic agents that target altered genes and proteins. A recent approach to treat cancer called synthetic lethality takes advantage of genetic alterations in cancer cells that make them more susceptible to certain drugs. Alan F. List, […]
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