Challenges and applications Measuring concentrations of steroid hormones – specifically androgens and estrogens – is challenging because they are present at very low concentrations and are structurally very similar. CLI chatted to James Hawley to find out more about these difficulties and how the assays are beginning to be used to measure testosterone levels in […]
Background Lenses and microscopes The use of microscopy has been pivotal to the diagnosis of disease for hundreds of years. The earliest evidence for the use of magnification dates back to the 5th century BC and the use of simple microscopes and lenses in spectacles in the 13th century AD. Compound microscopes appeared in Europe […]
The global prevalence of celiac disease is around 1%, although it is likely that many people remain undiagnosed. Historically, diagnosis was usually made in younger children, but the condition can develop at any age and the incidence is increasing in adults. Traditionally, a biopsy has been required to confirm diagnosis, but increased endoscopy waiting times […]
Laminin β4 (lamβ4) has been identified as a novel target antigen in anti-p200 pemphigoid, a rare autoimmune disease manifesting with subepidermal blisters. Anti-lamβ4 antibodies bind to the region of the dermal–epidermal junction and demonstrate pathogenic effects. A recombinant-cell indirect immunofluorescence assay has been developed for specific detection of anti-lamβ4 antibodies.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from our bodies in our breath, sweat, blood and urine as a result of metabolic activity and so provide a window on our metabolic and physiological status. These VOCs change in response to disease, providing the potential for disease-specific VOCs in the breath to be used as non-invasive biomarkers […]
FK506 (tacrolimus) binding protein 12 (FKBP12) is involved in fundamental cellular processes as well as immunosuppression, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Hence, the ability to quickly and easily determine its levels is desirable. CLI caught up with Dr Pitruzzella, Dr Caminati and Prof. Cennamo to find out more about the point-of-care test that they have developed […]
What is multiple myeloma? Multiple myeloma (also called myeloma) is the over-proliferation of abnormal plasma cells (which normally make antibodies) in the bone marrow (Figs 1&2).
Historically, bile acids (BAs) were thought of as playing a role in lipid metabolism. In recent years, however, they have been found to affect the body in a much more wide-ranging way and are important in many normal functions and, therefore, also many disease states. CLI chatted to Dr Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco, lab leader at […]
Scientists at Scripps Research have developed a computational approach for designing synthetic membrane proteins, uncovering critical atomiclevel interactions that govern protein folding and stability within cellular lipid environments. The methodology offers new insights into disease-related protein dysfunction and potential therapeutic targets. Membrane proteins constitute essential molecular machinery for cellular function, mediating substance transport, signal transmission, […]
Background What are circulating tumour cells and extracellular vesicles? Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that have been shed from a primary tumour into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. They are carried around the body and can be the seeds that form metastases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny lipid-bilayer bound particles that are shed […]
January 2026
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