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63

Urinary ALCAM as a biomarker for lupus nephritis

by Dr Cherie Ng and Dr Chaim Putterman Lupus nephritis is an immune-mediated glomerulonephritis that causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematous, a multisystem autoimmune disease. Non-invasive biomarkers are necessary to track disease and treatment response. Urinary ALCAM is a potential biomarker that samples the kidney and is relevant to the […]

66

Development of an effective malaria vaccine

In spite of all the efforts over many years and decades to reduce malaria infection and deaths, the latest data from the World Health Organization (WHO) still show that in 2020 there were 241 million cases and 627 000 deaths. Of which, 95% of cases and 96% of deaths were in sub-Saharan Africa; 80% of […]

68

New life for old cellular pathology records

We are probably all familiar with the problems of information storage and retrieval, where transition to newer systems, platforms, databases, etc, can mean that information previously stored can no longer be accessed easily, if at all. This article discusses how a system of digital methodology has been developed that gives immediate visibility and clinical utility […]

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Assessment of proliferative activity in breast cancer

Approaches, significance and challenges Cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer associated with aggressiveness and response to chemotherapy. In breast cancer (BC), assessment of proliferation constitutes the main component of grading and help in management. Herein, we address the most common approaches for BC proliferation assessment, their limitations, and evolving applications to overcome these challenges.

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Conjunctival squamous intraepithelial neoplasia

The in situ stage of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma is called conjunctival squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CSIN). The use of terms such as Bowen’s disease and ocular surface squamous neoplasia are discouraged as their meanings vary and are prone to misinterpretation. The severity of squamous epithelial dysplasia is graded by the proportion of involved surface epithelium. […]