Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a collection of disorders, making it difficult to diagnose and stage. This article describes the criteria used for diagnosis as well as discussing treatment strategies. by Prof. Giuseppe Derosa and Dr Pamela Maffioli Definition and gradingMetabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular […]
Although formally defined as recently as the early 2000s, biomarkers have quickly begun to gain acceptance in clinical practice. Many experts believe they will become an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and management of a wide variety of medical conditions in the near future. Cardiovascular disease now a global priorityOne of the priority applications for […]
Recent findings indicate that aspects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) not captured by traditionally measured HDL–cholesterol levels (HDL‑C) are likely to be cardioprotective. This review will highlight some of these studies and suggest new directions to identify the specific molecules that are responsible for the cardioprotective nature of HDL. by Daniel S. Kim, Dr Patrick M. […]
The burden of cardiovascular disease continues to take its toll in terms of diminished quality of life, reduced life expectancy, and the direct and indirect medical costs of treating and caring for patients. This is in spite of downward trends in mortality in the US and Western Europe, especially in the two decades leading up […]
by Professor M. Herold Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) are rare and difficult to diagnose. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are one of the most important serological features in the diagnostic work-up of patients with SARD. However, up to 30% of healthy individuals tested are also positive for ANAs and in about 50% of these cases ANA […]
Molecular diagnostics is increasingly embracing pharmacogenomics. Here we discuss the role of G protein-coupled receptors and their accessory proteins in disease, drawing on our experience addressing the role of the calcium-sensing receptor polymorphisms/variation in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia in order to highlight the role that pharmacogenomics may play in personalized treatment. by […]
In spite of major medical advances in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of mortality in the Western world accounting for 51 percent of female and 42 percent of male deaths. Around half of these deaths are due to coronary heart disease, and it has been recognized for more than […]
A comparative analysis of serotyping and mass spectrometry (MS) methods for the determination of the flagellar type (H type) of clinically isolated Escherichia coli has been performed. In this analysis, it was shown that determination of the correct H type of a clinical E. coli strain was better achieved by MS than serotyping. Whole genome […]
Many people become infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) every year and these infections often have no symptoms. A significant number of patients will go on to develop chronic liver disease and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma. Early detection of HCV infection is of great importance, but remains challenging. This article describes the advantages and limitations of […]
Over the last few years, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has emerged as one of the most significant causes of chronic liver disease worldwide, with estimated prevalence ranging from 2.2 to 3.0%. Since January 2011, the Infectious Diseases Department of San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan carried out a prevention programme called ‘EASY test project’, […]
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